Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics

COLING/ACL 2006 CD | CONFERENCE ONLINE | COLING/ACL 2006 ONLINE | ACL ONLINE

Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics

General Chair
Nicoletta Calzolari (Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale – CNR, Italy)

Program Committee Co-Chairs
Claire Cardie (Cornell University, USA)
Pierre Isabelle (National Research Council of Canada, Canada)

Full proceedings volume 1 (PDF)

Full proceedings volume 2 (PDF)

Schedule and Author index (HTML)

Bibliography (BibTeX)

Live website

Front matter		bib
Combination of Arabic Preprocessing Schemes for Statistical Machine Translation Fatiha Sadat and Nizar Habash	pp. 1–8	bib
Going Beyond AER: An Extensive Analysis of Word Alignments and Their Impact on MT Necip Fazil Ayan and Bonnie J. Dorr	pp. 9–16	bib
Unsupervised Topic Modelling for Multi-Party Spoken Discourse Matthew Purver, Konrad P. Körding, Thomas L. Griffiths and Joshua B. Tenenbaum	pp. 17–24	bib
Minimum Cut Model for Spoken Lecture Segmentation Igor Malioutov and Regina Barzilay	pp. 25–32	bib
Bootstrapping Path-Based Pronoun Resolution Shane Bergsma and Dekang Lin	pp. 33–40	bib
Kernel-Based Pronoun Resolution with Structured Syntactic Knowledge Xiaofeng Yang, Jian Su and Chew Lim Tan	pp. 41–48	bib
A Finite-State Model of Human Sentence Processing Jihyun Park and Chris Brew	pp. 49–56	bib
Acceptability Prediction by Means of Grammaticality Quantification Philippe Blache, Barbara Hemforth and Stéphane Rauzy	pp. 57–64	bib
Discriminative Word Alignment with Conditional Random Fields Phil Blunsom and Trevor Cohn	pp. 65–72	bib
Named Entity Transliteration with Comparable Corpora Richard Sproat, Tao Tao and ChengXiang Zhai	pp. 73–80	bib
Extracting Parallel Sub-Sentential Fragments from Non-Parallel Corpora Dragos Stefan Munteanu and Daniel Marcu	pp. 81–88	bib
Estimating Class Priors in Domain Adaptation for Word Sense Disambiguation Yee Seng Chan and Hwee Tou Ng	pp. 89–96	bib
Ensemble Methods for Unsupervised WSD Samuel Brody, Roberto Navigli and Mirella Lapata	pp. 97–104	bib
Meaningful Clustering of Senses Helps Boost Word Sense Disambiguation Performance Roberto Navigli	pp. 105–112	bib
Espresso: Leveraging Generic Patterns for Automatically Harvesting Semantic Relations Patrick Pantel and Marco Pennacchiotti	pp. 113–120	bib
Modeling Commonality among Related Classes in Relation Extraction GuoDong Zhou, Jian Su and Min Zhang	pp. 121–128	bib
Relation Extraction Using Label Propagation Based Semi-Supervised Learning Jinxiu Chen, Donghong Ji, Chew Lim Tan and Zhengyu Niu	pp. 129–136	bib
Polarized Unification Grammars Sylvain Kahane	pp. 137–144	bib
Partially Specified Signatures: A Vehicle for Grammar Modularity Yael Cohen-Sygal and Shuly Wintner	pp. 145–152	bib
Morphology-Syntax Interface for Turkish LFG Özlem Çetinoğlu and Kemal Oflazer	pp. 153–160	bib
PCFGs with Syntactic and Prosodic Indicators of Speech Repairs John Hale, Izhak Shafran, Lisa Yung, Bonnie Dorr, Mary Harper, Anna Krasnyanskaya, Matthew Lease, Yang Liu, Brian Roark, Matthew Snover and Robin Stewart	pp. 161–168	bib
Dependency Parsing of Japanese Spoken Monologue Based on Clause Boundaries Tomohiro Ohno, Shigeki Matsubara, Hideki Kashioka, Takehiko Maruyama and Yasuyoshi Inagaki	pp. 169–176	bib
Trace Prediction and Recovery with Unlexicalized PCFGs and Slash Features Helmut Schmid	pp. 177–184	bib
Learning More Effective Dialogue Strategies Using Limited Dialogue Move Features Matthew Frampton and Oliver Lemon	pp. 185–192	bib
Dependencies between Student State and Speech Recognition Problems in Spoken Tutoring Dialogues Mihai Rotaru and Diane J. Litman	pp. 193–200	bib
Learning the Structure of Task-Driven Human-Human Dialogs Srinivas Bangalore, Giuseppe Di Fabbrizio and Amanda Stent	pp. 201–208	bib
Semi-Supervised Conditional Random Fields for Improved Sequence Segmentation and Labeling Feng Jiao, Shaojun Wang, Chi-Hoon Lee, Russell Greiner and Dale Schuurmans	pp. 209–216	bib
Training Conditional Random Fields with Multivariate Evaluation Measures Jun Suzuki, Erik McDermott and Hideki Isozaki	pp. 217–224	bib
Approximation Lasso Methods for Language Modeling Jianfeng Gao, Hisami Suzuki and Bin Yu	pp. 225–232	bib
Automated Japanese Essay Scoring System based on Articles Written by Experts Tsunenori Ishioka and Masayuki Kameda	pp. 233–240	bib
A Feedback-Augmented Method for Detecting Errors in the Writing of Learners of English Ryo Nagata, Atsuo Kawai, Koichiro Morihiro and Naoki Isu	pp. 241–248	bib
Correcting ESL Errors Using Phrasal SMT Techniques Chris Brockett, William B. Dolan and Michael Gamon	pp. 249–256	bib
Graph Transformations in Data-Driven Dependency Parsing Jens Nilsson, Joakim Nivre and Johan Hall	pp. 257–264	bib
Learning to Generate Naturalistic Utterances Using Reviews in Spoken Dialogue Systems Ryuichiro Higashinaka, Rashmi Prasad and Marilyn A. Walker	pp. 265–272	bib
Measuring Language Divergence by Intra-Lexical Comparison T. Mark Ellison and Simon Kirby	pp. 273–280	bib
Enhancing Electronic Dictionaries with an Index Based on Associations Olivier Ferret and Michael Zock	pp. 281–288	bib
Guiding a Constraint Dependency Parser with Supertags Kilian Foth, Tomas By and Wolfgang Menzel	pp. 289–296	bib
Efficient Unsupervised Discovery of Word Categories Using Symmetric Patterns and High Frequency Words Dmitry Davidov and Ari Rappoport	pp. 297–304	bib
Bayesian Query-Focused Summarization Hal Daumé III and Daniel Marcu	pp. 305–312	bib
Expressing Implicit Semantic Relations without Supervision Peter D. Turney	pp. 313–320	bib
Hybrid Parsing: Using Probabilistic Models as Predictors for a Symbolic Parser Kilian A. Foth and Wolfgang Menzel	pp. 321–328	bib
Error Mining in Parsing Results Benoît Sagot and Éric de La Clergerie	pp. 329–336	bib
Reranking and Self-Training for Parser Adaptation David McClosky, Eugene Charniak and Mark Johnson	pp. 337–344	bib
Automatic Classification of Verbs in Biomedical Texts Anna Korhonen, Yuval Krymolowski and Nigel Collier	pp. 345–352	bib
Selection of Effective Contextual Information for Automatic Synonym Acquisition Masato Hagiwara, Yasuhiro Ogawa and Katsuhiko Toyama	pp. 353–360	bib
Scaling Distributional Similarity to Large Corpora James Gorman and James R. Curran	pp. 361–368	bib
Extractive Summarization using Inter- and Intra- Event Relevance Wenjie Li, Mingli Wu, Qin Lu, Wei Xu and Chunfa Yuan	pp. 369–376	bib
Models for Sentence Compression: A Comparison across Domains, Training Requirements and Evaluation Measures James Clarke and Mirella Lapata	pp. 377–384	bib
A Bottom-Up Approach to Sentence Ordering for Multi-Document Summarization Danushka Bollegala, Naoaki Okazaki and Mitsuru Ishizuka	pp. 385–392	bib
Learning Event Durations from Event Descriptions Feng Pan, Rutu Mulkar and Jerry R. Hobbs	pp. 393–400	bib
Automatic Learning of Textual Entailments with Cross-Pair Similarities Fabio Massimo Zanzotto and Alessandro Moschitti	pp. 401–408	bib
An Improved Redundancy Elimination Algorithm for Underspecified Representations Alexander Koller and Stefan Thater	pp. 409–416	bib
Integrating Syntactic Priming into an Incremental Probabilistic Parser, with an Application to Psycholinguistic Modeling Amit Dubey, Frank Keller and Patrick Sturt	pp. 417–424	bib
A Fast, Accurate Deterministic Parser for Chinese Mengqiu Wang, Kenji Sagae and Teruko Mitamura	pp. 425–432	bib
Learning Accurate, Compact, and Interpretable Tree Annotation Slav Petrov, Leon Barrett, Romain Thibaux and Dan Klein	pp. 433–440	bib
Semi-Supervised Learning of Partial Cognates Using Bilingual Bootstrapping Oana Frunza and Diana Inkpen	pp. 441–448	bib
Direct Word Sense Matching for Lexical Substitution Ido Dagan, Oren Glickman, Alfio Gliozzo, Efrat Marmorshtein and Carlo Strapparava	pp. 449–456	bib
An Equivalent Pseudoword Solution to Chinese Word Sense Disambiguation Zhimao Lu, Haifeng Wang, Jianmin Yao, Ting Liu and Sheng Li	pp. 457–464	bib
Improving the Scalability of Semi-Markov Conditional Random Fields for Named Entity Recognition Daisuke Okanohara, Yusuke Miyao, Yoshimasa Tsuruoka and Jun’ichi Tsujii	pp. 465–472	bib
Factorizing Complex Models: A Case Study in Mention Detection Radu Florian, Hongyan Jing, Nanda Kambhatla and Imed Zitouni	pp. 473–480	bib
Segment-Based Hidden Markov Models for Information Extraction Zhenmei Gu and Nick Cercone	pp. 481–488	bib
A DOM Tree Alignment Model for Mining Parallel Data from the Web Lei Shi, Cheng Niu, Ming Zhou and Jianfeng Gao	pp. 489–496	bib
QuestionBank: Creating a Corpus of Parse-Annotated Questions John Judge, Aoife Cahill and Josef van Genabith	pp. 497–504	bib
Creating a CCGbank and a Wide-Coverage CCG Lexicon for German Julia Hockenmaier	pp. 505–512	bib
Improved Discriminative Bilingual Word Alignment Robert C. Moore, Wen-tau Yih and Andreas Bode	pp. 513–520	bib
Maximum Entropy Based Phrase Reordering Model for Statistical Machine Translation Deyi Xiong, Qun Liu and Shouxun Lin	pp. 521–528	bib
Distortion Models for Statistical Machine Translation Yaser Al-Onaizan and Kishore Papineni	pp. 529–536	bib
A Study on Automatically Extracted Keywords in Text Categorization Anette Hulth and Beáta B. Megyesi	pp. 537–544	bib
A Comparison and Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Words and Character-Bigrams as Features in Chinese Text Categorization Jingyang Li, Maosong Sun and Xian Zhang	pp. 545–552	bib
Exploiting Comparable Corpora and Bilingual Dictionaries for Cross-Language Text Categorization Alfio Gliozzo and Carlo Strapparava	pp. 553–560	bib
A Progressive Feature Selection Algorithm for Ultra Large Feature Spaces Qi Zhang, Fuliang Weng and Zhe Feng	pp. 561–568	bib
Annealing Structural Bias in Multilingual Weighted Grammar Induction Noah A. Smith and Jason Eisner	pp. 569–576	bib
Maximum Entropy Based Restoration of Arabic Diacritics Imed Zitouni, Jeffrey S. Sorensen and Ruhi Sarikaya	pp. 577–584	bib
An Iterative Implicit Feedback Approach to Personalized Search Yuanhua Lv, Le Sun, Junlin Zhang, Jian-Yun Nie, Wan Chen and Wei Zhang	pp. 585–592	bib
The Effect of Translation Quality in MT-Based Cross-Language Information Retrieval Jiang Zhu and Haifeng Wang	pp. 593–600	bib
A Comparison of Document, Sentence, and Term Event Spaces Catherine Blake	pp. 601–608	bib
Tree-to-String Alignment Template for Statistical Machine Translation Yang Liu, Qun Liu and Shouxun Lin	pp. 609–616	bib
Incorporating Speech Recognition Confidence into Discriminative Named Entity Recognition of Speech Data Katsuhito Sudoh, Hajime Tsukada and Hideki Isozaki	pp. 617–624	bib
Exploiting Syntactic Patterns as Clues in Zero-Anaphora Resolution Ryu Iida, Kentaro Inui and Yuji Matsumoto	pp. 625–632	bib
Self-Organizing n-gram Model for Automatic Word Spacing Seong-Bae Park, Yoon-Shik Tae and Se-Young Park	pp. 633–640	bib
Concept Unification of Terms in Different Languages for IR Qing Li, Sung-Hyon Myaeng, Yun Jin and Bo-yeong Kang	pp. 641–648	bib
Word Alignment in English-Hindi Parallel Corpus Using Recency-Vector Approach: Some Studies Niladri Chatterjee and Saumya Agrawal	pp. 649–656	bib
Extracting Loanwords from Mongolian Corpora and Producing a Japanese-Mongolian Bilingual Dictionary Badam-Osor Khaltar, Atsushi Fujii and Tetsuya Ishikawa	pp. 657–664	bib
An Unsupervised Morpheme-Based HMM for Hebrew Morphological Disambiguation Meni Adler and Michael Elhadad	pp. 665–672	bib
Contextual Dependencies in Unsupervised Word Segmentation Sharon Goldwater, Thomas L. Griffiths and Mark Johnson	pp. 673–680	bib
MAGEAD: A Morphological Analyzer and Generator for the Arabic Dialects Nizar Habash and Owen Rambow	pp. 681–688	bib
Noun Phrase Chunking in Hebrew: Influence of Lexical and Morphological Features Yoav Goldberg, Meni Adler and Michael Elhadad	pp. 689–696	bib
Multi-Tagging for Lexicalized-Grammar Parsing James R. Curran, Stephen Clark and David Vadas	pp. 697–704	bib
Guessing Parts-of-Speech of Unknown Words Using Global Information Tetsuji Nakagawa and Yuji Matsumoto	pp. 705–712	bib
A Clustered Global Phrase Reordering Model for Statistical Machine Translation Masaaki Nagata, Kuniko Saito, Kazuhide Yamamoto and Kazuteru Ohashi	pp. 713–720	bib
A Discriminative Global Training Algorithm for Statistical MT Christoph Tillmann and Tong Zhang	pp. 721–728	bib
Phoneme-to-Text Transcription System with an Infinite Vocabulary Shinsuke Mori, Daisuke Takuma and Gakuto Kurata	pp. 729–736	bib
Automatic Generation of Domain Models for Call-Centers from Noisy Transcriptions Shourya Roy and L Venkata Subramaniam	pp. 737–744	bib
Proximity in Context: An Empirically Grounded Computational Model of Proximity for Processing Topological Spatial Expressions John D. Kelleher, Geert-Jan M. Kruijff and Fintan J. Costello	pp. 745–752	bib
Machine Learning of Temporal Relations Inderjeet Mani, Marc Verhagen, Ben Wellner, Chong Min Lee and James Pustejovsky	pp. 753–760	bib
An End-to-End Discriminative Approach to Machine Translation Percy Liang, Alexandre Bouchard-Côté, Dan Klein and Ben Taskar	pp. 761–768	bib
Semi-Supervised Training for Statistical Word Alignment Alexander Fraser and Daniel Marcu	pp. 769–776	bib
Left-to-Right Target Generation for Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation Taro Watanabe, Hajime Tsukada and Hideki Isozaki	pp. 777–784	bib
You Can’t Beat Frequency (Unless You Use Linguistic Knowledge) – A Qualitative Evaluation of Association Measures for Collocation and Term Extraction Joachim Wermter and Udo Hahn	pp. 785–792	bib
Ontologizing Semantic Relations Marco Pennacchiotti and Patrick Pantel	pp. 793–800	bib
Semantic Taxonomy Induction from Heterogenous Evidence Rion Snow, Daniel Jurafsky and Andrew Y. Ng	pp. 801–808	bib
Names and Similarities on the Web: Fact Extraction in the Fast Lane Marius Paşca, Dekang Lin, Jeffrey Bigham, Andrei Lifchits and Alpa Jain	pp. 809–816	bib
Weakly Supervised Named Entity Transliteration and Discovery from Multilingual Comparable Corpora Alexandre Klementiev and Dan Roth	pp. 817–824	bib
A Composite Kernel to Extract Relations between Entities with Both Flat and Structured Features Min Zhang, Jie Zhang, Jian Su and GuoDong Zhou	pp. 825–832	bib
Japanese Dependency Parsing Using Co-Occurrence Information and a Combination of Case Elements Takeshi Abekawa and Manabu Okumura	pp. 833–840	bib
Answer Extraction, Semantic Clustering, and Extractive Summarization for Clinical Question Answering Dina Demner-Fushman and Jimmy Lin	pp. 841–848	bib
Discovering Asymmetric Entailment Relations between Verbs Using Selectional Preferences Fabio Massimo Zanzotto, Marco Pennacchiotti and Maria Teresa Pazienza	pp. 849–856	bib
Event Extraction in a Plot Advice Agent Harry Halpin and Johanna D. Moore	pp. 857–864	bib
An All-Subtrees Approach to Unsupervised Parsing Rens Bod	pp. 865–872	bib
Advances in Discriminative Parsing Joseph Turian and I. Dan Melamed	pp. 873–880	bib
Prototype-Driven Grammar Induction Aria Haghighi and Dan Klein	pp. 881–888	bib
Exploring Correlation of Dependency Relation Paths for Answer Extraction Dan Shen and Dietrich Klakow	pp. 889–896	bib
Question Answering with Lexical Chains Propagating Verb Arguments Adrian Novischi and Dan Moldovan	pp. 897–904	bib
Methods for Using Textual Entailment in Open-Domain Question Answering Sanda Harabagiu and Andrew Hickl	pp. 905–912	bib
Using String-Kernels for Learning Semantic Parsers Rohit J. Kate and Raymond J. Mooney	pp. 913–920	bib
A Bootstrapping Approach to Unsupervised Detection of Cue Phrase Variants Rashid M. Abdalla and Simone Teufel	pp. 921–928	bib
Semantic Role Labeling via FrameNet, VerbNet and PropBank Ana-Maria Giuglea and Alessandro Moschitti	pp. 929–936	bib
Multilingual Legal Terminology on the Jibiki Platform: The LexALP Project Gilles Sérasset, Francis Brunet-Manquat and Elena Chiocchetti	pp. 937–944	bib
Leveraging Reusability: Cost-Effective Lexical Acquisition for Large-Scale Ontology Translation G. Craig Murray, Bonnie J. Dorr, Jimmy Lin, Jan Hajič and Pavel Pecina	pp. 945–952	bib
Accurate Collocation Extraction Using a Multilingual Parser Violeta Seretan and Eric Wehrli	pp. 953–960	bib
Scalable Inference and Training of Context-Rich Syntactic Translation Models Michel Galley, Jonathan Graehl, Kevin Knight, Daniel Marcu, Steve DeNeefe, Wei Wang and Ignacio Thayer	pp. 961–968	bib
Modelling Lexical Redundancy for Machine Translation David Talbot and Miles Osborne	pp. 969–976	bib
Empirical Lower Bounds on the Complexity of Translational Equivalence Benjamin Wellington, Sonjia Waxmonsky and I. Dan Melamed	pp. 977–984	bib
A Hierarchical Bayesian Language Model Based On Pitman-Yor Processes Yee Whye Teh	pp. 985–992	bib
A Phonetic-Based Approach to Chinese Chat Text Normalization Yunqing Xia, Kam-Fai Wong and Wenjie Li	pp. 993–1000	bib
Discriminative Pruning of Language Models for Chinese Word Segmentation Jianfeng Li, Haifeng Wang, Dengjun Ren and Guohua Li	pp. 1001–1008	bib
Novel Association Measures Using Web Search with Double Checking Hsin-Hsi Chen, Ming-Shun Lin and Yu-Chuan Wei	pp. 1009–1016	bib
Semantic Retrieval for the Accurate Identification of Relational Concepts in Massive Textbases Yusuke Miyao, Tomoko Ohta, Katsuya Masuda, Yoshimasa Tsuruoka, Kazuhiro Yoshida, Takashi Ninomiya and Jun’ichi Tsujii	pp. 1017–1024	bib
Exploring Distributional Similarity Based Models for Query Spelling Correction Mu Li, Muhua Zhu, Yang Zhang and Ming Zhou	pp. 1025–1032	bib
Robust PCFG-Based Generation Using Automatically Acquired LFG Approximations Aoife Cahill and Josef van Genabith	pp. 1033–1040	bib
Incremental Generation of Spatial Referring Expressions in Situated Dialog John D. Kelleher and Geert-Jan M. Kruijff	pp. 1041–1048	bib
Learning to Predict Case Markers in Japanese Hisami Suzuki and Kristina Toutanova	pp. 1049–1056	bib
Are These Documents Written from Different Perspectives? A Test of Different Perspectives Based on Statistical Distribution Divergence Wei-Hao Lin and Alexander Hauptmann	pp. 1057–1064	bib
Word Sense and Subjectivity Janyce Wiebe and Rada Mihalcea	pp. 1065–1072	bib
Improving QA Accuracy by Question Inversion John Prager, Pablo Duboue and Jennifer Chu-Carroll	pp. 1073–1080	bib
Reranking Answers for Definitional QA Using Language Modeling Yi Chen, Ming Zhou and Shilong Wang	pp. 1081–1088	bib
Highly Constrained Unification Grammars Daniel Feinstein and Shuly Wintner	pp. 1089–1096	bib
A Polynomial Parsing Algorithm for the Topological Model: Synchronizing Constituent and Dependency Grammars, Illustrated by German Word Order Phenomena Kim Gerdes and Sylvain Kahane	pp. 1097–1104	bib
Stochastic Language Generation Using WIDL-Expressions and its Application in Machine Translation and Summarization Radu Soricut and Daniel Marcu	pp. 1105–1112	bib
Learning to Say It Well: Reranking Realizations by Predicted Synthesis Quality Crystal Nakatsu and Michael White	pp. 1113–1120	bib
An Effective Two-Stage Model for Exploiting Non-Local Dependencies in Named Entity Recognition Vijay Krishnan and Christopher D. Manning	pp. 1121–1128	bib
Learning Transliteration Lexicons from the Web Jin-Shea Kuo, Haizhou Li and Ying-Kuei Yang	pp. 1129–1136	bib
Punjabi Machine Transliteration M.G. Abbas Malik	pp. 1137–1144	bib
Multilingual Document Clustering: An Heuristic Approach Based on Cognate Named Entities Soto Montalvo, Raquel Martínez, Arantza Casillas and Víctor Fresno	pp. 1145–1152	bib
Time Period Identification of Events in Text Taichi Noro, Takashi Inui, Hiroya Takamura and Manabu Okumura	pp. 1153–1160	bib
Optimal Constituent Alignment with Edge Covers for Semantic Projection Sebastian Padó and Mirella Lapata	pp. 1161–1168	bib
Utilizing Co-Occurrence of Answers in Question Answering Min Wu and Tomek Strzalkowski	pp. 1169–1176	bib